Ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi chidwi cha anthu ku chitetezo cha chilengedwe, teknoloji yopangira madzi yakhala yofunika kwambiri. M'maukadaulo ambiri opangira madzi,zida zozungulira madziyakopa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achangu kwambiri, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mfundo zogwirira ntchito, zigawo, ubwino ndi ntchito zazida zozungulira madzimwatsatanetsatane kukuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwinozida zozungulira madzi.
1. Mfundo yogwira ntchito yazida zozungulira madzi
Zida zozungulira madzindi mtundu waukadaulo wothira madzi womwe ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito madzi onyansawo atakonzedwa ndikuyeretsedwa kuti afike pamlingo wina wamadzi. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito imakhala ndi izi:
①Kuthira madzi aiwisi: Choyamba, madzi aiwisi amayamba kuchotsedwa kuti achotse zonyansa monga zoyimitsidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono m'madzi ndikuchepetsa kusungunuka kwamadzi.
②Kuchiza kusefa: Kudzera m'zida zosefera, monga zosefera mchenga, zosefera za kaboni, ndi zina zotero, kuti mupitirize kuchotsa zonyansa zazing'ono ndi zinthu zovulaza m'madzi.
③ Chithandizo chofewetsa: Kugwiritsa ntchito utomoni wosinthana ndi ion kapena laimu ndi njira zina zochotsera ma ion olimba m'madzi kuti apewe kukulitsa zida.
④ Sterilization: kudzera mu kuwala kwa ultraviolet, ozoni ndi njira zina, kupha mabakiteriya, mavairasi ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono m'madzi kuti titsimikizire chitetezo cha madzi.
⑤Kubwezeretsanso: Madzi oyeretsedwa amalowazida zozungulira madzi, ndipo madzi amatumizidwa ku zipangizo zomwe zimafunikira madzi kupyolera mu mpope wozungulira kuti akwaniritse kukonzanso madzi.
2. Zigawo zazida zozungulira madzi
Zida zozungulira madzimakamaka imakhala ndi zigawo izi:
①Zida zochizira madzi: kuphatikiza gululi, thanki ya sedimentation, fyuluta yamchenga, zosefera za kaboni, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zolimba, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zonyansa zina m'madzi.
②Zida zofewetsa: kuphatikiza utomoni wosinthanitsa ndi ion, thanki ya laimu, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa ma ion olimba m'madzi.
③Zida zotsekereza: kuphatikiza ultraviolet sterilizer, jenereta ya ozoni, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha mabakiteriya, ma virus ndi tizilombo tina tating'ono m'madzi.
④Pampu yamadzi yozungulira: udindo wonyamula madzi oyeretsedwa kupita ku zida zomwe zimafunikira madzi.
⑤Pipe: Lumikizani zida zosiyanasiyana kuti mupange zida zonse zamadzi zozungulira.
⑥Zida zowongolera: zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira ndikuwongolera momwe zida zamadzi zimayendera kuti zitsimikizire kuti madzi ali bwino.
3. Ubwino wazida zozungulira madzi
Zida zozungulira madziili ndi zabwino zisanu zotsatirazi:
①Kupulumutsa madzi: Thezida zozungulira madziamazindikira kukonzanso madzi, kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito madzi atsopano ndi kuchepetsa kumwa kwa madzi.
②Chepetsani kutulutsa zimbudzi: Madzi otsuka ndizida zozungulira madziitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, zomwe zimachepetsa kutaya kwa zimbudzi ndipo zimathandizira kuteteza chilengedwe.
③Kutalikitsa moyo wa zida: Pambuyo pamadzi muzida zozungulira madzindi mankhwala, khalidwe la madzi ndi bwino, kuchepetsa mavuto a zida makulitsidwe, dzimbiri ndi zina zotero, ndi kuwonjezera moyo utumiki zida.
④Chepetsani ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito: Mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamadzi zozungulira ndi wotsika, kumbali imodzi kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito madzi atsopano, kumbali ina kuti muchepetse mtengo wa madzi otayira.
⑤Kupititsa patsogolo luso la kupanga:Zida zozungulira madziimapereka gwero lamadzi lokhazikika kuti lipangidwe, limatsimikizira kupitiriza ndi kukhazikika kwa kupanga, komanso kumapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino.
4. Ntchito gawo lazida zozungulira madzi
Zida zozungulira madziimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo otsatirawa:
① Makampani ochapira magalimoto: Makina otsuka madzi otsuka m'galimoto sangangothandiza kuchepetsa mtengo woyeretsa galimoto, komanso kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, chomwe chili ndi tanthauzo lofunikira zachilengedwe.
②Kupanga mafakitale: M'makampani opanga mankhwala, mankhwala, chakudya, zamagetsi ndi zina, zida zamadzi zozungulira zitha kuthandizira kupereka madzi okhazikika komanso otetezeka kwa mabizinesi kuti awonetsetse kuti ntchito ikupita patsogolo.
③ Makampani omanga: Pamalo oziziritsa mpweya, kutentha, madzi ndi ngalande, zida zamadzi zozungulira zitha kuthandiza kukwaniritsa kubwezeretsanso madzi ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
④Kuthirira kwaulimi: M'munda wa ulimi wothirira, madzi otayira oyeretsedwa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupulumutsa madzi ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira ulimi.
⑤Madzi apakhomo: M'munda wamadzi okhalamo, zida zamadzi zozungulira zitha kuthandiza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azipeza madzi abwino komanso aukhondo kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino.
⑥Maofesi aboma: M'mapaki, mabwalo, masukulu ndi malo ena aboma, zida zobwezeretsanso madzi zimatheka kuti zichepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-18-2024