Mawu Oyamba
Zida zochotsera mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja ndi njira yosinthira madzi amchere kapena amchere amchere kukhala madzi abwino, omwa.Ndi luso lamakono lofunika lomwe lingathe kuthana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa madzi padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zilumba kumene kupeza madzi abwino kuli kochepa.Pali matekinoloje angapo ochotsa madzi am'nyanja, kuphatikiza reverse osmosis (RO), distillation, electrodialysis (ED), ndi nanofiltration.Mwa izi, RO ndiukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuchotsa madzi am'nyanja.
Ntchito Njira
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito makina ochotsera madzi am'nyanja nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi izi:
1- Kuchiza: Madzi a m'nyanja asanalowe m'malo ochotsa mchere, amafunika kukonzedwa kale kuti achotse zolimba zomwe zayimitsidwa, monga mchenga ndi zinyalala.Izi zimachitika kudzera munjira yotchedwa pre-sefera.
2- Kusefedwa: Madzi a m'nyanja akakonzedwa kale, amadutsa muzosefera zingapo kuti achotse zonyansa zilizonse, monga mabakiteriya, ma virus, ndi mchere.
3- Kuchotsa mchere: Mu sitepe iyi, madzi a m'nyanja amachotsedwa m'madzi a m'nyanja, makamaka ukadaulo wa RO.Ukadaulowu umagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwambiri kukakamiza madzi a m'nyanja kupyola m'kati mwa nembanemba, yomwe imachotsa mchere wambiri ndi zonyansa zina, zomwe zimapangitsa madzi abwino kumwa.
4- Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Pambuyo pochotsa mchere, madzi amathiridwa mankhwala kuti achotse mabakiteriya kapena ma virus omwe atsala.
Model ndi Parameters
Chitsanzo ndi magawo a Seawater Desalination Equipment, ndizofanana ndi zida zamadzi za RO.
Zosiyanasiyana zili m'munsimu;
Mapulogalamu
Zida zochotsera mchere m'madzi am'nyanja zili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:
1- Kupereka madzi abwino akumwa m’madera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m’zilumba kumene madzi opanda madzi akusowa
2- Kukwaniritsa zosowa zamadzi pamitengo yochotsa mchere, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri kuziziritsa, kuyeretsa, ndi njira zina.
3- Kupereka madzi amthirira m’madera ouma
4- Kuthandizira njira zamafakitale, monga kupanga mafuta ndi gasi, zomwe zimafunikira madzi ambiri
Ubwino wa madzi a m'nyanja desalination
1- Kupereka gwero lodalirika la madzi abwino m'madera omwe ali ndi madzi ochepa
2 - Kuchepetsa kudalira madzi apansi ndi madzi apamtunda, zomwe zingakhudzidwe ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso
3- Kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha matenda obwera ndi madzi, popeza njira yochotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja imachotsa mabakiteriya ambiri ndi ma virus.
4- Kupereka madzi opangira mafakitale popanda kuonjezera zovuta zamadzi am'deralo
Komabe, kuchotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja kulinso ndi zovuta zina, kuphatikizapo:
- Mtengo wokwera wamagetsi, chifukwa njira yochotsera mchere imafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuti igwire ntchito
-Ndalama zokwera mtengo, chifukwa kumanga ndi kukonza malo ochotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja kumatha kukhala okwera mtengo - Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, monga kutulutsa madzi oundana m'nyanja, zomwe zitha kuwononga zamoyo za m'madzi ngati sizikuyendetsedwa bwino.
Ponseponse, kuchotsa mchere m'madzi am'nyanja ndiukadaulo wodalirika womwe ungathandize kuthana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa madzi m'magawo ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Popitiliza kukonza ukadaulo wochotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja ndi machitidwe oyang'anira, zitha kukhala gwero lofunikira kwambiri lamadzi abwino m'zaka zikubwerazi.
